Từ vựng Cambridge · bộ 2/10

Cambridge 11

251 từ và cụm từ, mỗi mục có nghĩa tiếng Việt, phiên âm và câu ví dụ. Học bằng thẻ có lịch ôn tự động, miễn phí.

251TỪ · CỤM

Danh sách từ

• a conservative estimatecollocation/ə kənˈsɜːvətɪv ˈestɪmət/
  một ước tính dè dặt, ở mức thấp

  At a conservative estimate, the city will need twice as much food by 2050.

• eliminate somethingv/ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  loại bỏ hoàn toàn (vấn đề, nhu cầu, rủi ro)

  Indoor farming could eliminate the need for chemical sprays on crops.

• take a toll on somethingidiom/ˌteɪk ə ˈtəʊl ɒn ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  gây tổn hại, ảnh hưởng xấu dần đến điều gì

  Years of intensive farming have taken a heavy toll on the soil.

• prohibitively expensivecollocation/prəˈhɪbətɪvli ɪkˈspensɪv/
  đắt đến mức không thể chi trả nổi

  Building a thirty-storey farm in the city centre may be prohibitively expensive.

• be exposed to somethingcollocation/bi ɪkˈspəʊzd tə ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  tiếp xúc với, bị phơi ra trước (thời tiết, hóa chất…)

  Crops grown outdoors are exposed to storms, pests and sudden changes in temperature.

• the rigours of somethingcollocation/ðə ˈrɪɡəz əv ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  sự khắc nghiệt, gian khổ của (thời tiết, cuộc sống, công việc…)

  Indoor crops are protected from the rigours of winter in northern countries.

• optimumadj/ˈɒptɪməm/
  tối ưu, tốt nhất (điều kiện, mức độ)

  Sensors keep the temperature and humidity at optimum levels for growing tomatoes.

• in vogueidiom/ɪn ˈvəʊɡ/
  đang thịnh hành, hợp mốt

  Rooftop gardens are very much in vogue among young architects these days.

• implement somethingv/ˈɪmplɪment ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  thực hiện, triển khai (chính sách, hệ thống đã quyết định)

  The government plans to implement new rules on water use next year.

• cutting-edgeadj/ˌkʌtɪŋ ˈedʒ/
  hiện đại, tiên tiến nhất (công nghệ, nghiên cứu)

  The farm uses cutting-edge technology to recycle almost all of its water.

• renewable energycollocation/rɪˌnjuːəbl ˈenədʒi/
  năng lượng tái tạo

  The building would run entirely on renewable energy from solar panels and wind turbines.

• take something for grantedidiom/ˌteɪk ˈsʌmθɪŋ fə ˈɡrɑːntɪd/
  coi điều gì là hiển nhiên (không biết trân trọng)

  People in cities often take fresh food for granted until supplies run short.

• accommodate somethingv/əˈkɒmədeɪt ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  đáp ứng, có đủ chỗ cho (nhu cầu, số người)

  Cities will need new ways of farming to accommodate their growing populations.

• demographic trendscollocation/ˌdeməˈɡræfɪk ˈtrendz/
  xu hướng nhân khẩu học (biến động dân số)

  Current demographic trends suggest that most people will live in cities by 2050.

• pesticiden/ˈpestɪsaɪd/
  thuốc trừ sâu

  Fruit grown indoors needs far less pesticide than fruit grown in open fields.

• herbiciden/ˈhɜːbɪsaɪd/
  thuốc diệt cỏ

  The farmers stopped using herbicides and started removing weeds by hand.

• fertilisern/ˈfɜːtəlaɪzə/
  phân bón

  Too much chemical fertiliser can wash into rivers and harm fish.

• artificial lightcollocation/ˌɑːtɪfɪʃl ˈlaɪt/
  ánh sáng nhân tạo

  Vegetables in the tower grow under artificial light twenty-four hours a day.

• monsoonn/ˌmɒnˈsuːn/
  gió mùa, mùa mưa (ở Nam Á, Đông Nam Á)

  Many rice farms in Bangladesh are flooded during the monsoon every year.

• despoil somethingv/dɪˈspɔɪl ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  tàn phá, làm hủy hoại (đất đai, cảnh quan)

  Large-scale farming has despoiled much of the natural landscape in the region.

• interfacen/ˈɪntəfeɪs/
  điểm tiếp giáp, bề mặt tiếp xúc (giữa hai khu vực, hệ thống)

  Wildlife is often most varied at the interface between forest and farmland.

• immenseadj/ɪˈmens/
  mênh mông, cực kỳ to lớn

  Lifting a boat full of water requires an immense amount of power.

• painstakinglyadv/ˈpeɪnzteɪkɪŋli/
  một cách tỉ mỉ, cẩn thận, công phu

  The old stone bridge was painstakingly restored using traditional methods.

• elevate somethingv/ˈelɪveɪt ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  nâng lên, đưa lên cao

  The machine can elevate two boats twenty-five metres in about five minutes.

• orbit somethingv/ˈɔːbɪt ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  quay quanh (theo quỹ đạo)

  The Moon orbits the Earth roughly once every twenty-seven days.

• submit somethingv/səbˈmɪt ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  nộp, đệ trình (đề xuất, kế hoạch, đơn)

  Several design teams submitted plans for the new boat lift.

• assemble somethingv/əˈsembl ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  lắp ráp (các bộ phận); tập hợp

  The steel sections were made in a factory and assembled on site.

• in commemoration of somethingphrase/ɪn kəˌmeməˈreɪʃn əv ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  để tưởng niệm, kỷ niệm (sự kiện, người)

  The monument was built in commemoration of the new millennium.

• enclose somethingv/ɪnˈkləʊz ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  rào quanh, bao bọc, khép kín

  The garden is enclosed by a high brick wall on all sides.

• waterwayn/ˈwɔːtəweɪ/
  tuyến đường thủy (sông, kênh)

  The canal is now a busy waterway used mainly by holiday boats.

• dockv/dɒk/
  (tàu thuyền) cập bến, vào bến

  The ferry docked at the small harbour just after sunrise.

• stem somethingv/stem ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  ngăn chặn, kiềm chế (sự gia tăng, dòng chảy của điều gì)

  Scientists are searching for new ways to stem the rise in global temperatures.

• proponentn/prəˈpəʊnənt/
  người ủng hộ, người đề xuất (một ý tưởng)

  Proponents of the scheme argue that it could cool the planet quickly.

• disperse somethingv/dɪˈspɜːs ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  phân tán, rải ra (khắp nơi)

  Strong winds quickly dispersed the smoke across the whole valley.

• replenish somethingv/rɪˈplenɪʃ ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  làm đầy lại, bổ sung (sau khi đã dùng bớt)

  Heavy winter rain helps to replenish the underground water supply.

• scrutinise somethingv/ˈskruːtənaɪz ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  xem xét, kiểm tra kỹ lưỡng (chủ động soi xét điều gì)

  Other researchers will scrutinise the data before the results are published.

• guardedadj/ˈɡɑːdɪd/
  thận trọng, dè dặt (khi nói, nhận định)

  The scientist gave a guarded response when asked whether the plan would work.

• exclude somethingv/ɪkˈskluːd ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  loại trừ (khả năng, phương án; không tính đến)

  The researchers could not exclude the possibility of serious side effects.

• inevitableadj/ɪnˈevɪtəbl/
  không thể tránh khỏi

  Some rise in sea levels now seems inevitable, whatever action we take.

• cut back on somethingphr v/ˌkʌt ˈbæk ɒn ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  cắt giảm (lượng dùng, chi tiêu) điều gì

  Many families are cutting back on meat to lower their carbon footprint.

• make major strides in somethingcollocation/ˌmeɪk ˌmeɪdʒə ˈstraɪdz ɪn ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  có những bước tiến lớn trong lĩnh vực gì

  Engineers have made major strides in solar technology over the past decade.

• manipulationn/məˌnɪpjuˈleɪʃn/
  sự can thiệp, thao túng (cố ý điều khiển, thay đổi)

  Large-scale manipulation of the climate could have effects nobody can predict.

• scenarion/səˈnɑːriəʊ/
  viễn cảnh, kịch bản có thể xảy ra

  In the worst-case scenario, coastal cities could be under water by 2100.

• let alonephrase/ˌlet əˈləʊn/
  huống chi là, chưa nói đến

  Most students cannot afford a car, let alone an electric one.

• geo-engineeringn/ˌdʒiːəʊ endʒɪˈnɪərɪŋ/
  kỹ thuật địa cầu (can thiệp quy mô lớn vào Trái Đất để giảm biến đổi khí hậu)

  Some experts see geo-engineering as a dangerous distraction from cutting emissions.

• volcanic eruptioncollocation/vɒlˌkænɪk ɪˈrʌpʃn/
  sự phun trào núi lửa

  The volcanic eruption of 1991 cooled the planet for almost two years.

• radiationn/ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn/
  sự bức xạ (năng lượng tỏa ra từ mặt trời, chất phóng xạ…)

  Tiny particles in the air could reflect some solar radiation back into space.

• algaen/ˈældʒiː/
  tảo

  Adding iron to the ocean could make algae grow faster and absorb more carbon.

• distributionn/ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn/
  sự phân bổ, phân phối (cách một thứ được chia ra các nơi)

  Climate change may alter the distribution of rainfall across the continent.

• latituden/ˈlætɪtjuːd/
  vĩ độ

  Plants at high latitudes have only a short summer in which to grow.

• eye-catchingadj/ˈaɪ kætʃɪŋ/
  bắt mắt, gây chú ý ngay khi nhìn

  The report had an eye-catching cover that made people pick it up.

• a backup plancollocation/ə ˈbækʌp plæn/
  kế hoạch dự phòng

  Geo-engineering should be seen only as a backup plan if emissions keep rising.

• undisputedadj/ˌʌndɪˈspjuːtɪd/
  không thể tranh cãi, được mọi người công nhận

  She is the undisputed leader in the field of underwater archaeology.

• fade into obscurityidiom/ˌfeɪd ˌɪntu əbˈskjʊərəti/
  rơi vào quên lãng

  After his only hit song, the singer quickly faded into obscurity.

• initiate somethingv/ɪˈnɪʃieɪt ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  khởi xướng (dự án, kế hoạch, cuộc đàm phán)

  The museum initiated a project to record the history of the ship.

• enter into collaboration with someonecollocation/ˌentər ˌɪntə kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃn wɪð ˈsʌmwʌn/
  bắt tay cộng tác với ai

  The university entered into collaboration with a diving club to explore the wreck.

• feasibleadj/ˈfiːzəbl/
  khả thi

  Engineers studied whether it was feasible to lift the whole ship.

• distinctadj/dɪˈstɪŋkt/
  riêng biệt, rõ rệt (tách bạch với cái khác)

  The project was carried out in three distinct stages.

• give an account of somethingcollocation/ˌɡɪv ən əˈkaʊnt əv ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  thuật lại, mô tả (chi tiết) điều gì

  The diver gave a detailed account of what he had seen on the seabed.

• mishandle somethingv/ˌmɪsˈhændl ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  xử lý sai, quản lý yếu kém

  The early stages of the project were badly mishandled by inexperienced staff.

• in conjunction with somethingphrase/ɪn kənˈdʒʌŋkʃn wɪð ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  kết hợp với, cùng với

  The diet works best when used in conjunction with regular exercise.

• climaxn/ˈklaɪmæks/
  đỉnh điểm, cao trào

  The climax of the project came when the hull finally broke the surface.

• give the go-ahead for somethingidiom/ˌɡɪv ðə ˈɡəʊ əhed fə ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  cho phép, bật đèn xanh cho việc gì

  The council has given the go-ahead for a new bridge across the river.

• fleetn/fliːt/
  hạm đội, đội tàu

  The king watched from the shore as his fleet sailed out to meet the enemy.

• vesseln/ˈvesl/
  tàu thuyền (cỡ lớn, cách nói trang trọng)

  The vessel sank within minutes, taking hundreds of sailors with it.

• undisciplinedadj/ʌnˈdɪsəplɪnd/
  vô kỷ luật

  Some historians believe the ship sank because the crew was undisciplined.

• wreckn/rek/
  xác tàu đắm

  Divers spent years exploring the wreck before it was brought to the surface.

• excavationn/ˌekskəˈveɪʃn/
  sự khai quật

  The excavation of the site revealed thousands of objects from the Tudor period.

• treasure troven/ˈtreʒə trəʊv/
  kho báu, kho tàng (nguồn phong phú những thứ quý)

  The sunken ship proved to be a treasure trove of everyday Tudor objects.

• artefactn/ˈɑːtɪfækt/
  cổ vật, đồ tạo tác

  More than nineteen thousand artefacts were recovered from the wreck.

• protrudev/prəˈtruːd/
  nhô ra, nhô lên

  Only a few wooden beams protruded from the mud on the seabed.

• intermittentadj/ˌɪntəˈmɪtənt/
  gián đoạn, lúc có lúc không

  Work on the site was intermittent because of bad weather and lack of money.

• erode somethingv/ɪˈrəʊd ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  xói mòn, bào mòn (do nước, gió)

  Strong currents had eroded the exposed parts of the wooden hull.

• degradationn/ˌdeɡrəˈdeɪʃn/
  sự suy thoái, xuống cấp, phân hủy

  Special sprays were used to slow the degradation of the ancient timbers.

• seabedn/ˈsiːbed/
  đáy biển

  The remains of the ship lay buried in the mud of the seabed.

• delicateadj/ˈdelɪkət/
  mỏng manh, dễ vỡ, dễ hỏng (đồ vật, chất liệu)

  The delicate leather shoes had to be kept in special cold storage.

• fragileadj/ˈfrædʒaɪl/
  yếu ớt, mong manh, dễ tổn thương (hệ sinh thái, môi trường)

  Island ecosystems are fragile and can be damaged by a single new species.

• descend into somethingphr v/dɪˈsend ˌɪntə ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  rơi vào (tình trạng tồi tệ như hỗn loạn, nội chiến)

  After the food ran out, the society descended into violence and civil war.

• accelerate somethingv/əkˈseləreɪt ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  đẩy nhanh, làm nhanh hơn (một quá trình)

  Cutting down the forests accelerated the loss of fertile soil.

• replican/ˈreplɪkə/
  bản sao (của tượng, công trình, đồ vật)

  Visitors can see a full-size replica of one of the statues in the museum.

• recklessadj/ˈrekləs/
  liều lĩnh, cẩu thả, thiếu suy nghĩ

  The islanders' reckless use of trees left them without wood for boats.

• an abject failurecollocation/ən ˌæbdʒekt ˈfeɪljə/
  một thất bại thảm hại

  Critics described the government's housing plan as an abject failure.

• cultural identitycollocation/ˌkʌltʃərəl aɪˈdentəti/
  bản sắc văn hóa

  The statues remain a powerful symbol of the islanders' cultural identity.

• catastrophen/kəˈtæstrəfi/
  thảm họa

  Losing all their forests was an ecological catastrophe for the islanders.

• decimate somethingv/ˈdesɪmeɪt ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  tàn phá, tiêu diệt phần lớn (dân số, quần thể)

  Diseases brought by European sailors decimated the island's population.

• ingeniousadj/ɪnˈdʒiːniəs/
  khéo léo, tài tình, thông minh

  The islanders found an ingenious way to move the huge statues upright.

• stewardn/ˈstjuːəd/
  người quản lý, người gìn giữ (đất đai, tài nguyên)

  Some researchers argue the islanders were careful stewards of their environment.

• sedimentn/ˈsedɪmənt/
  trầm tích, chất lắng

  Pollen found in lake sediment shows that the island was once covered in palms.

• lushadj/lʌʃ/
  sum suê, tươi tốt (thực vật)

  Visitors are often surprised that the island was once covered in lush forest.

• shrivelv/ˈʃrɪvl/
  héo quắt, teo lại

  Without rain, the young plants shrivelled and died within a week.

• be overrun by somethingcollocation/bi ˌəʊvəˈrʌn baɪ ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  bị tràn ngập, xâm chiếm (chuột, sâu bọ, dịch bệnh)

  The island was soon overrun by rats that ate the seeds of the palm trees.

• descendantn/dɪˈsendənt/
  hậu duệ, con cháu (nhiều đời sau)

  Many descendants of the original settlers still live on the island today.

• be strandedcollocation/bi ˈstrændɪd/
  bị mắc kẹt (không rời đi được)

  Without trees to build boats, the islanders were stranded on their remote island.

• topple somethingv/ˈtɒpl ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  làm đổ, lật đổ

  During the conflict, rival groups toppled many of the giant statues.

• tiltv/tɪlt/
  nghiêng, làm nghiêng

  The statues may have been moved by tilting them from side to side.

• shed light on somethingidiom/ˌʃed ˈlaɪt ɒn ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  làm sáng tỏ điều gì

  New brain research may shed light on why we find some paintings beautiful.

• haphazardadj/hæpˈhæzəd/
  lộn xộn, tùy tiện, không theo quy tắc

  At first glance, the paint seems to be splashed in a haphazard way.

• ambiguousadj/æmˈbɪɡjuəs/
  mơ hồ, có thể hiểu theo nhiều cách

  The painting is deliberately ambiguous, so viewers see different things in it.

• decipher somethingv/dɪˈsaɪfə ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  giải mã, đọc ra, hiểu được (chữ, mã, tín hiệu khó)

  It took experts years to decipher the ancient writing on the stones.

• deceptively simplecollocation/dɪˌseptɪvli ˈsɪmpl/
  trông có vẻ đơn giản (nhưng thực ra không)

  Many abstract paintings look deceptively simple, but they are very hard to copy.

• come under scrutinycollocation/ˌkʌm ˌʌndə ˈskruːtəni/
  bị đem ra xem xét, soi xét kỹ lưỡng

  Modern art has come under scrutiny from scientists studying how the brain works.

• the intricacies of somethingcollocation/ðə ˈɪntrɪkəsiz əv ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  những chi tiết phức tạp của điều gì

  It takes years to understand the intricacies of the human brain.

• mimic somethingv/ˈmɪmɪk ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  bắt chước, mô phỏng (cách làm, phong cách)

  Students tried to mimic the style of famous painters in their own work.

• longevityn/lɒnˈdʒevəti/
  tuổi thọ, sự trường tồn

  The longevity of Shakespeare's plays shows how well they speak to every age.

• lingerv/ˈlɪŋɡə/
  nán lại, còn đọng lại lâu (ánh mắt, cảm giác, mùi)

  Visitors' eyes tend to linger on the faces in a portrait.

• masterpiecen/ˈmɑːstəpiːs/
  kiệt tác

  The museum's greatest masterpiece is a small portrait painted in 1503.

• compositionn/ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃn/
  bố cục (tác phẩm nghệ thuật); tác phẩm

  The careful composition of the painting draws the viewer's eye to the centre.

• blur somethingv/blɜː ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  làm mờ, làm nhòe

  The researchers blurred the images to see whether people still liked them.

• fuzzyadj/ˈfʌzi/
  mờ, nhòe, không rõ nét (hình ảnh)

  The old photo was so fuzzy that we couldn't recognise anyone in it.

• appealingadj/əˈpiːlɪŋ/
  hấp dẫn, thu hút (dễ chịu, khiến người ta thích)

  Most people find paintings with balanced shapes more appealing than random ones.

• dynamicadj/daɪˈnæmɪk/
  sống động, năng động (đầy chuyển động, sức sống)

  Strong diagonal lines make the painting look more dynamic and alive.

• devise somethingv/dɪˈvaɪz ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  nghĩ ra, sáng chế ra (cách làm, thiết bị mới)

  The ancient Chinese devised a way to produce fine thread from silkworm cocoons.

• conceal somethingv/kənˈsiːl ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  che giấu (không cho người khác thấy, biết)

  She tried hard to conceal her disappointment when the exam results were announced.

• be restricted to somethingcollocation/bi rɪˈstrɪktɪd tə ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  chỉ giới hạn cho, chỉ dành riêng cho

  For centuries, wearing silk was restricted to the emperor and his family.

• unravel somethingv/ʌnˈrævl ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  gỡ (sợi tơ từ kén); làm sáng tỏ (bí ẩn rối rắm)

  Workers unravel each cocoon carefully to obtain one long, unbroken thread.

• extensiveadj/ɪkˈstensɪv/
  rộng lớn, quy mô lớn (mạng lưới, khu vực, nghiên cứu)

  The Silk Road was an extensive network of trade routes across Asia.

• be entitled to do somethingcollocation/bi ɪnˈtaɪtld tə ˈduː ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  có quyền (được) làm gì

  Only members of the royal court were entitled to wear clothes made of silk.

• lucrativeadj/ˈluːkrətɪv/
  sinh lời, béo bở (việc làm ăn)

  Selling silk to Western traders became a highly lucrative business for China.

• downfalln/ˈdaʊnfɔːl/
  sự sa sút, sụp đổ (mất quyền lực, địa vị)

  Some historians link the empire's downfall to corruption and costly wars.

• hold someone in high esteemidiom/həʊld ˈsʌmwʌn ɪn ˌhaɪ ɪˈstiːm/
  rất kính trọng, đánh giá cao ai

  Skilled silk weavers were held in high esteem throughout the ancient empire.

• build a reputationcollocation/bɪld ə ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn/
  tạo dựng danh tiếng (dần dần qua thời gian)

  Over many centuries, Chinese silk built a reputation for quality in markets as far away as Rome.

• secretiveadj/ˈsiːkrətɪv/
  hay giấu giếm, kín đáo (tính cách, cách làm)

  The silk producers were extremely secretive about how they raised their silkworms.

• peasantn/ˈpeznt/
  nông dân (thời xưa, nghèo)

  Over time, even poor peasants were allowed to wear simple silk clothes.

• monopolyn/məˈnɒpəli/
  sự độc quyền (buôn bán, sản xuất)

  For many centuries, China kept its monopoly on silk production by guarding the secret.

• diplomaticadj/ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk/
  mang tính ngoại giao (giữa các nước)

  Silk was often offered as a diplomatic gift to foreign rulers.

• merchandisen/ˈmɜːtʃəndaɪs/
  hàng hóa (đem bán nói chung)

  Silk soon became the most valuable merchandise carried along the trade routes.

• currencyn/ˈkʌrənsi/
  tiền tệ (thứ dùng để trao đổi, thanh toán)

  In ancient China, rolls of silk were sometimes used as a form of currency.

• middlemann/ˈmɪdlmæn/
  người trung gian, thương lái

  Persian middlemen controlled much of the silk trade between China and Europe.

• smuggle somethingv/ˈsmʌɡl ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  buôn lậu, lén mang (hàng) qua biên giới

  According to legend, two monks smuggled silkworm eggs to Constantinople inside hollow bamboo canes.

• rear somethingv/rɪə ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  nuôi (tằm, gia súc); nuôi dạy (con)

  Farmers in the region began to rear silkworms on mulberry leaves.

• weave somethingv/wiːv ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  dệt (vải), đan

  Women in the village still weave silk by hand on wooden looms.

• exoticadj/ɪɡˈzɒtɪk/
  lạ, ngoại lai (đến từ xứ xa)

  Wealthy Romans were fascinated by exotic goods arriving from the East.

• at regular intervalsphrase/ət ˈreɡjələr ˈɪntəvlz/
  đều đặn, cách những khoảng (thời gian) đều nhau

  Many species travel along the same routes at regular intervals each year.

• undeterredadj/ˌʌndɪˈtɜːd/
  không nao núng, không chùn bước (trước trở ngại)

  Undeterred by the storm, the birds continued their long flight south.

• take no notice of somethingphrase/teɪk nəʊ ˈnəʊtɪs əv ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  không để ý, phớt lờ điều gì

  The herds seemed to take no notice of the tourists watching from their jeeps.

• in advance of somethingphrase/ɪn ədˈvɑːns əv ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  trước (một sự việc), đi trước

  Some birds leave their breeding grounds in advance of the first winter storms.

• allocationn/ˌæləˈkeɪʃn/
  sự phân bổ (nguồn lực, tiền, chỗ)

  Long journeys require a careful allocation of energy between flying and feeding.

• resist the temptation to do somethingcollocation/rɪˈzɪst ðə tempˈteɪʃn tə ˈduː ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  cưỡng lại cám dỗ (muốn) làm gì

  Migrating birds resist the temptation to stop at every rich feeding area.

• resoluteadj/ˈrezəluːt/
  kiên quyết, quyết tâm (không lay chuyển ý định)

  The resolute travellers kept moving north until they reached their summer home.

• be sensitive to somethingcollocation/bi ˈsensətɪv tə ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  nhạy cảm, dễ bị tác động bởi điều gì

  Migrating animals are highly sensitive to small changes in temperature.

• migrationn/maɪˈɡreɪʃn/
  sự di cư (của động vật, con người)

  The annual migration of wildebeest attracts thousands of tourists to Kenya.

• instinctn/ˈɪnstɪŋkt/
  bản năng

  Young turtles follow their instinct and head straight for the sea.

• voraciousadj/vəˈreɪʃəs/
  phàm ăn, háu ăn; ham mê (đọc, học)

  Locusts are voracious insects that can destroy a whole crop in hours.

• convergev/kənˈvɜːdʒ/
  hội tụ, đổ về cùng một nơi (từ nhiều hướng)

  Millions of birds converge on the wetlands every spring to feed.

• offspringn/ˈɒfsprɪŋ/
  con cái, con non (của người, động vật)

  Salmon swim hundreds of kilometres upstream to produce their offspring.

• terrestrialadj/təˈrestriəl/
  sống trên cạn (không phải dưới nước, trên không)

  Terrestrial animals face roads and fences that block their migration routes.

• choke somethingv/tʃəʊk ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  làm nghẽn, làm tắc (đường, sông)

  Heavy traffic choked the city centre during the holiday weekend.

• jurisdictionn/ˌdʒʊərɪsˈdɪkʃn/
  thẩm quyền (pháp lý), quyền tài phán

  Protecting migratory birds is difficult because they cross many different jurisdictions.

• capacityn/kəˈpæsəti/
  khả năng, năng lực (để hiểu, làm điều gì)

  Everyone has the capacity to think logically if they are taught well.

• omit somethingv/əˈmɪt ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  bỏ sót, bỏ ra (không đưa vào)

  The author omitted most of the equations to make the book easier to read.

• sustainedadj/səˈsteɪnd/
  được duy trì liên tục, bền bỉ (trong thời gian dài)

  Solving difficult problems requires sustained attention and a lot of patience.

• attribute something to somethingv/əˈtrɪbjuːt ˈsʌmθɪŋ tə ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  cho rằng điều gì là do điều gì gây ra

  Many people attribute their fear of maths to bad experiences at school.

• unanticipatedadj/ˌʌnænˈtɪsɪpeɪtɪd/
  bất ngờ, không lường trước được

  The new teaching method produced several unanticipated benefits for younger learners.

• analyticaladj/ˌænəˈlɪtɪkl/
  (thuộc) phân tích; có óc phân tích

  Mathematics helps students develop strong analytical skills for many other subjects.

• be adept at somethingcollocation/bi əˈdept ət ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  thành thạo, giỏi việc gì

  Children are often more adept at solving puzzles than their parents.

• be notorious for somethingcollocation/bi nəʊˈtɔːriəs fə ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  khét tiếng, mang tiếng xấu vì điều gì

  Mathematics is notorious for being the school subject that students fear most.

• intuitiveadj/ɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv/
  (thuộc) trực giác, theo cảm nhận tự nhiên

  Some people have an intuitive sense of numbers without studying formal rules.

• aficionadon/əˌfɪʃiəˈnɑːdəʊ/
  người say mê và am hiểu sâu (một lĩnh vực)

  This book was written for puzzle aficionados as well as ordinary readers.

• take delight in somethingcollocation/teɪk dɪˈlaɪt ɪn ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  rất thích thú, lấy làm vui với điều gì

  Some students take delight in finding clever solutions to difficult problems.

• testimonialn/ˌtestɪˈməʊniəl/
  lời chứng thực, lời nhận xét xác nhận (chất lượng)

  The website includes testimonials from former students who passed the exam.

• sketch somethingv/sketʃ ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  phác họa, phác thảo (nét chính)

  In the first chapter, the author sketches the main ideas of the book.

• be tantalised by somethingcollocation/bi ˈtæntəlaɪzd baɪ ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  bị khêu gợi tò mò, thèm muốn bởi điều gì (khó đạt được)

  Readers were tantalised by the promise of a simple answer to an ancient puzzle.

• pinpoint somethingv/ˈpɪnpɔɪnt ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  xác định chính xác (nguyên nhân, vị trí)

  Scientists are trying to pinpoint the genes linked to heart disease.

• quantify somethingv/ˈkwɒntɪfaɪ ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  định lượng, đo lường (bằng con số)

  It is hard to quantify how much our genes affect our personality.

• vulnerabilityn/ˌvʌlnərəˈbɪləti/
  nguy cơ dễ mắc (bệnh), sự dễ bị tổn thương

  Twin studies help explain why some people have a greater vulnerability to depression.

• the interplay between something and somethingcollocation/ði ˈɪntəpleɪ bɪˈtwiːn ˈsʌmθɪŋ ənd ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  sự tác động qua lại giữa cái này và cái kia

  Researchers study the interplay between genes and environment in shaping our health.

• having said thatphrase/ˈhævɪŋ ˈsed ðæt/
  tuy vậy, dù nói vậy (dẫn ý hơi trái với ý vừa nêu)

  The study is quite small; having said that, its results are still very interesting.

• nature versus nurturephrase/ˈneɪtʃə ˈvɜːsəs ˈnɜːtʃə/
  bẩm sinh hay nuôi dưỡng (tranh luận gen hay môi trường)

  Twin research has played a major role in the nature versus nurture debate.

• heredityn/həˈredəti/
  sự di truyền

  Heredity plays an important role in conditions such as diabetes.

• coin a termcollocation/kɔɪn ə tɜːm/
  đặt ra một thuật ngữ (mới)

  A Danish scientist coined the term 'gene' in the early twentieth century.

• componentn/kəmˈpəʊnənt/
  thành phần, yếu tố cấu thành

  Researchers believe there is a strong genetic component to many common diseases.

• trailblazern/ˈtreɪlbleɪzə/
  người tiên phong (mở đường cho người khác)

  Galton was a trailblazer in using twins to study human traits.

• identical twinscollocation/aɪˌdentɪkl ˈtwɪnz/
  cặp sinh đôi cùng trứng

  Identical twins share all of their genes, so they look almost exactly alike.

• fraternal twinscollocation/frəˌtɜːnl ˈtwɪnz/
  cặp sinh đôi khác trứng

  Fraternal twins are no more alike genetically than ordinary brothers and sisters.

• fertilise somethingv/ˈfɜːtəlaɪz ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  thụ tinh (cho trứng)

  Fraternal twins develop when two different eggs are fertilised at the same time.

• split into somethingphr v/splɪt ˈɪntə ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  tách thành, chia thành (nhiều phần)

  Identical twins form when a single fertilised egg splits into two separate embryos.

• embryonicadj/ˌembriˈɒnɪk/
  (thuộc) phôi thai; còn sơ khai

  Some differences between twins begin at the embryonic stage, long before birth.

• rodentn/ˈrəʊdnt/
  loài gặm nhấm

  Many medical experiments are first carried out on rodents such as mice.

• ailmentn/ˈeɪlmənt/
  bệnh nhẹ, chứng bệnh

  Common ailments such as colds and headaches are treated at the local clinic.

• evidentadj/ˈevɪdənt/
  rõ ràng, dễ thấy

  The importance of sound in films is evident when you watch a scene without it.

• underscore somethingv/ˌʌndəˈskɔː ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  nhấn mạnh (làm nổi rõ tầm quan trọng)

  The sudden silence underscores the danger the hero is facing.

• subconsciouslyadv/ˌsʌbˈkɒnʃəsli/
  theo tiềm thức, một cách vô thức

  Viewers subconsciously connect certain kinds of music with fear or excitement.

• foreshadow somethingv/fɔːˈʃædəʊ ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  báo trước, báo hiệu (điều sắp xảy ra)

  Low, slow music often foreshadows a frightening event later in the film.

• salientadj/ˈseɪliənt/
  nổi bật, chính yếu nhất

  The report summarises the salient points of the discussion in one page.

• perceive somethingv/pəˈsiːv ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  nhận thức, nhìn nhận (qua giác quan, cách hiểu)

  Music can change how audiences perceive a character's emotions.

• intrinsicadj/ɪnˈtrɪnsɪk/
  nội tại, thuộc về bản chất

  Sound is an intrinsic part of the cinema experience, not just decoration.

• absurdityn/əbˈsɜːdəti/
  sự vô lý, phi lý (đến mức buồn cười)

  The comedy uses strange noises to highlight the absurdity of the situation.

• escapismn/ɪˈskeɪpɪzəm/
  sự thoát ly thực tại (để giải khuây)

  Many people watch fantasy films as a form of escapism after a stressful week.

• incur somethingv/ɪnˈkɜː ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  gánh chịu, phải chịu (chi phí, tổn thất)

  The studio incurred huge costs when filming had to be delayed.

• ubiquitousadj/juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/
  phổ biến khắp nơi, đâu đâu cũng có

  Smartphones have become ubiquitous in classrooms around the world.

• sound effectscollocation/ˈsaʊnd ɪˌfekts/
  hiệu ứng âm thanh

  The sound effects in the battle scene made the whole audience jump.

• mergev/mɜːdʒ/
  hòa vào nhau, hợp nhất (làm một)

  In the final scene, the music and dialogue merge into a single wall of noise.

• personan/pəˈsəʊnə/
  hình tượng, hình ảnh (thể hiện trước người khác)

  The actor's deep voice helped create the hero's tough on-screen persona.

• portray somethingv/pɔːˈtreɪ ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  khắc họa, thể hiện (qua phim, tranh, vai diễn)

  The film portrays the city as a lonely and frightening place.

• nuancen/ˈnjuːɑːns/
  sắc thái, nét khác biệt tinh tế

  A good actor can express every nuance of emotion with their voice alone.

• spring to lifeidiom/sprɪŋ tə laɪf/
  bừng lên sống động, bỗng trở nên nhộn nhịp

  As soon as the music starts, the quiet street scene springs to life.

• banaladj/bəˈnɑːl/
  sáo rỗng, tầm thường, nhàm chán

  Without the music, the dialogue in that scene would sound rather banal.

• at breakneck speedphrase/ət ˈbreɪknek spiːd/
  với tốc độ chóng mặt (đến mức nguy hiểm)

  The chase scene shows cars racing through narrow streets at breakneck speed.

• whirlwindn/ˈwɜːlwɪnd/
  cơn lốc; chuỗi sự việc dồn dập

  The final minutes of the film are a whirlwind of noise and colour.

• freneticadj/frəˈnetɪk/
  cuồng nhiệt, hối hả, náo loạn

  The frenetic music matched the panic of people running through the station.

• ominousadj/ˈɒmɪnəs/
  đáng ngại, báo điềm xấu

  An ominous silence filled the room just before the monster appeared.

• suspensen/səˈspens/
  sự hồi hộp, kịch tính (khi chờ đợi kết quả)

  Slow, quiet music builds suspense before the most important scene.

• manifoldadj/ˈmænɪfəʊld/
  nhiều và đa dạng, nhiều vẻ

  The benefits of learning a second language early in life are manifold.

• transform somethingv/trænsˈfɔːm ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  biến đổi hoàn toàn

  Learning to speak transforms a child's relationship with the people around them.

• pale into insignificanceidiom/peɪl ˈɪntə ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/
  trở nên nhỏ bé, chẳng đáng kể (khi đem so sánh)

  Compared with the invention of language, most other human achievements pale into insignificance.

• unparalleledadj/ʌnˈpærəleld/
  vô song, không gì sánh bằng

  Human language gives us an unparalleled ability to share complex ideas.

• disclose somethingv/dɪsˈkləʊz ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  tiết lộ, công bố (thông tin vốn kín)

  The company refused to disclose how much it had paid for the research.

• deceptiveadj/dɪˈseptɪv/
  dễ gây nhầm lẫn, đánh lừa (vẻ bề ngoài)

  Appearances can be deceptive, as simple words often hide very complex rules.

• embark on somethingphr v/ɪmˈbɑːk ɒn ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  bắt đầu (một hành trình, dự án lớn)

  In this book, we embark on a journey through the history of language.

• eloquentadj/ˈeləkwənt/
  hùng hồn, lưu loát và thuyết phục

  Her eloquent speech persuaded the committee to support the project.

• magnituden/ˈmæɡnɪtjuːd/
  tầm vóc, độ lớn, tầm quan trọng

  Few people realise the magnitude of the problem until it is too late.

• resourcefulnessn/rɪˈzɔːsflnəs/
  sự tháo vát, tài xoay xở

  The explorers survived the long winter through courage and resourcefulness.

• fine-tune somethingv/ˌfaɪn ˈtjuːn ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  tinh chỉnh

  Engineers spent weeks fine-tuning the engine before the first race of the season.

• bear a likeness to somethingcollocation/beər ə ˈlaɪknəs tə ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  giống, có nét tương đồng với cái gì

  The ancient symbols bear a strong likeness to letters used in modern alphabets.

• distil somethingv/dɪˈstɪl ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  chắt lọc (tinh túy); chưng cất

  The author distils years of research into a short, readable book.

• configurationn/kənˌfɪɡəˈreɪʃn/
  cách sắp xếp, cấu hình

  The new configuration of desks allows students to work in small groups.

• be made up of somethingcollocation/bi ˌmeɪd ˈʌp əv ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
  được tạo thành từ

  Every word in English is made up of a small number of basic sounds.

• enlist the help of someonecollocation/ɪnˈlɪst ðə help əv ˈsʌmwʌn/
  nhờ được, tranh thủ sự giúp đỡ của ai

  The researchers enlisted the help of local teachers to collect data.

• win praisecollocation/wɪn preɪz/
  được khen ngợi (nhờ việc đã làm)

  The new dictionary has won praise from teachers and students alike.

• pay homage to someonecollocation/peɪ ˈhɒmɪdʒ tə ˈsʌmwʌn/
  bày tỏ lòng tôn kính, tri ân ai

  The festival paid homage to the poet who first wrote in the local language.

• paradoxn/ˈpærədɒks/
  nghịch lý

  It is a paradox that the simplest words are often the hardest to define.

• handiworkn/ˈhændiwɜːk/
  sản phẩm tự tay làm, công trình (của ai)

  The elegant bridge is the handiwork of a little-known local engineer.

• interminableadj/ɪnˈtɜːmɪnəbl/
  kéo dài lê thê, dài vô tận (gây chán)

  After an interminable meeting, everyone was too tired to make a decision.

• set the wheels in motionidiom/set ðə wiːlz ɪn ˈməʊʃn/
  khởi động một quá trình (để việc gì bắt đầu diễn ra)

  The new funding set the wheels in motion for a national reading programme.

• exertionn/ɪɡˈzɜːʃn/
  sự gắng sức (thể chất, tinh thần)

  After hours of physical exertion, the climbers rested at the camp.

• outlandishadj/aʊtˈlændɪʃ/
  kỳ quặc, lạ lùng (khó tin)

  Some of his ideas about the origin of language seemed outlandish at the time.

• stuntn/stʌnt/
  chiêu trò gây chú ý; màn biểu diễn mạo hiểm

  The singer's latest video was just a publicity stunt to sell more albums.

• showyadj/ˈʃəʊi/
  lòe loẹt, phô trương

  He preferred plain language to the showy style of many famous writers.

• allegedadj/əˈledʒd/
  bị cho là, được cho là

  The alleged thief was released because there was not enough evidence.

• alternativelyadv/ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪvli/
  hoặc là, theo một cách khác

  You can take the train; alternatively, there is a bus every hour.

• anticipatev/ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt/
  lường trước, dự đoán trước

  Good teachers anticipate the questions their students are likely to ask.

• apparentadj/əˈpærənt/
  bề ngoài, có vẻ như (nhưng có thể không đúng)

  Despite his apparent confidence, he was actually very nervous.

• approximatev/əˈprɒksɪmeɪt/
  gần giống, xấp xỉ với

  The computer model only approximates real weather conditions.

• assertv/əˈsɜːt/
  thể hiện, khẳng định (quyền lực, vị thế)

  The new manager quickly asserted her authority over the team.

• crucialadj/ˈkruːʃl/
  cốt yếu, then chốt

  Getting enough sleep is crucial for students before an exam.

• diametricallyadv/ˌdaɪəˈmetrɪkli/
  hoàn toàn (đối lập); đối diện nhau (qua tâm)

  My brother and I hold diametrically opposed views on almost everything.

• displacev/dɪsˈpleɪs/
  chiếm chỗ, đẩy ra khỏi chỗ cũ; khiến phải rời nơi ở

  A floating ship displaces a huge amount of water.

• drasticallyadv/ˈdræstɪkli/
  mạnh mẽ, đáng kể; quyết liệt

  The price of rice rose drastically after the floods.

• essentiallyadv/ɪˈsenʃəli/
  về cơ bản, về bản chất

  The two phones are essentially the same, apart from the colour.

• fascinationn/ˌfæsɪˈneɪʃn/
  sự say mê, sự cuốn hút

  His fascination with space began when he got a telescope at the age of eight.

• hardwiredadj/ˌhɑːdˈwaɪəd/
  bẩm sinh, có sẵn (trong não, gen)

  Some scientists believe the ability to learn language is hardwired in humans.

• highlightv/ˈhaɪlaɪt/
  làm nổi bật, nhấn mạnh

  The report highlights the need for more teachers in rural schools.

• inducev/ɪnˈdjuːs/
  gây ra, làm phát sinh (phản ứng, trạng thái)

  Some medicines can induce sleep, so don't drive after taking them.

• meticulouslyadv/məˈtɪkjələsli/
  tỉ mỉ, kỹ lưỡng

  She meticulously checked every figure before sending the report.

• misleadv/ˌmɪsˈliːd/
  làm hiểu lầm, đánh lừa

  The advert misled customers into thinking the drink was healthy.

• naiveadj/naɪˈiːv/
  ngây thơ, đơn giản

  It was naive of me to think the project would be finished in a week.

• notablyadv/ˈnəʊtəbli/
  đáng chú ý là, đặc biệt là; rõ rệt

  Several countries, most notably Japan, have very low birth rates.

• seeminglyadv/ˈsiːmɪŋli/
  có vẻ như, dường như

  The seemingly simple puzzle took us over an hour to solve.

• subjectiveadj/səbˈdʒektɪv/
  chủ quan

  Taste in music is subjective, so there is no right answer.

• thoroughadj/ˈθʌrə/
  kỹ lưỡng, toàn diện

  The police carried out a thorough search of the whole building.

• ultimatelyadv/ˈʌltɪmətli/
  rốt cuộc, sau cùng

  Ultimately, the decision is yours, not your parents'.

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